Waste treatment is a systematic engineering process that encompasses a combination of technologies and methods designed to convert municipal solid waste into environmentally harmless or recyclable materials. The core objectives of modern waste management are "Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Harmlessness" (the Three Principles).

The selection of a process or combination depends on local waste composition, economic capacity, land resources, environmental requirements, and technological capabilities.

The future trend is to minimize direct landfilling as much as possible and maximize recycling (including material recovery and energy recovery).

Waste Treatment Process                             

· Sanitary landfill (physical isolation, natural degradation)

·Power generation by incineration (high-temperature oxidation)

· Anaerobic fermentation (microbial anaerobic decomposition)

· Aerobic composting (aerobic decomposition by microorganisms)